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【問題】自分の帽子の色は?

【問題】自分の帽子の色は?

ABCDの4人が1列に並んでいる。AとBの間に壁があり、それぞれ壁を向いている。CとDは共にBの方向を向いている。AとCは黒の、BとCは白の帽子をかぶっている。壁でしきられているAとBCDはお互いが見えない。CはBが見え、DはBとCの両方が見える。
4人に帽子は白が2つ黒が2つあることを伝える。そして、自分の帽子の色がわかったら、すぐにその色を叫ぶようにいう。すると、しばらくの沈黙の後、自分の帽子の色をあてた人がいる。それは誰で、なぜか。

 

状況をよく考えるときちんとわかる問題になっています。※答えと解説は下のほうに書きます

 

 

 

 

 

解説


この問題のポイントは「しばらくの沈黙の後」です。なぜしばらく沈黙したかと言うと、誰も即答できなかったからです。

この中で即答できる可能性があるのはDです。なぜならDからはBとCの帽子が見えるのでBとCが白の帽子をかぶっていれば自分は黒、反対にBとCが黒い帽子をかぶっていれば自分は白だとすぐわかります。

しかし実際は「沈黙」がありました。ということはBとCの帽子の色はバラバラだということが推測できます。

そのことをCが気づけば、Bの帽子が白だということは見えているので自分は黒だということがわかります。

 

答え C

 

答えが分かった時は「なるほどね!」と思わず声に出してしまったくらいよくできた問題だなと思いました。

余談ですが、この状況って賭博堕天録 カイジ 和也編のシーンに似てますね(ゲーム内容は違いますが)

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